3 nguyên nhân khiến cá koi nổi đầu

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Hiện tượng cá koi cũng như nhiều loại cá cảnh khác (không tính mấy loài cá sống ở tầng mặt) nổi đầu, tức cá ngoi lên thở ở mặt nước không phải là hiếm gặp. Cá koi nổi đầu là một tín hiệu rất nguy hiểm phải cứu hộ kịp thời, nếu không nó có thể gây hậu quả rất nghiêm trọng.

Cá koi nổi đầu để thở trên mặt nước không chỉ đơn thuần là vì nước thiếu Oxi mà còn rất nhiều nguyên nhân khác. Để xử lý vấn đề koi nổi đầu, đầu tiên bạn phải tìm ra những nguyên nhân gây ra hiện tượng này để có cách điều trị đúng.

Trong quá trình chăn nuôi cá Koi, koi nổi đầu không chỉ do nguyên nhân ngoại sinh (môi trường nước ô nhiễm, thiếu oxi,…) mà còn xuất phát từ nguyên nhân nội sinh bao gồm cả những nguyên nhân xuất phát từ bất thường ở đường máu và mang của cá.

Nhu cầu Oxi trong máu của cá koi bình thường là 5mg / l, nếu lượng oxy hòa tan thấp hơn 1mg / l sẽ gây ra hiện tượng koi nổi đầu. Khi nồng độ oxi máu ít hơn 0,5mg / lít, koi sẽ nghẹt thở và chết. Nếu lượng oxy hòa tan thấp hơn 5mg kéo dài sẽ ảnh hưởng đến sự tăng trưởng, tác động lên sự phát triển màu sắc, thậm chí cũng có thể gây chết cá koi. Sau đây, ta đi phân tích 3 nguyên nhân chính gây ra hiện tượng này:

Nguyên nhân ngoại sinh từ môi trường nước:

Nguyên nhân phổ biến của tình trạng thiếu oxy thường là do sự suy giảm chất lượng nước, thời tiết nóng, thời tiết áp suất thấp làm giảm lượng oxi hòa tan trong nước khiến cá phải ngoi lên thở để cung cấp đủ lượng oxi cho cơ thể.

Các chất dinh dưỡng, mùn bã hữu cơ, chất thải ô nhiễm trong nước quá nhiều khiến vi sinh vật phát triển cạnh tranh nguồn Oxi với koi cũng là một trong những nguyên nhân khiến cá koi nổi đầu mặc dù hệ thống sục khí vẫn hoạt động tốt. Tuy nhiên, các trang trại nuôi cá koi thường được trang bị oxy và hệ thống lọc khủng và thường cá koi nổi đầu không xuất vì lý do này.

Một số chất độc hại, chẳng hạn như cyanide, ammonia và hydrogen sulfide, có thể làm giảm khả năng vận chuyển oxy trong máu, hay các phản ứng oxy hóa sinh học bị gián đoạn trong cơ thể cá khiến cá koi cho dù có ngoi lên thở dẫn đến tình trạng thiếu oxy ở koi, hiện tượng này xảy ra bởi vì các hệ thống lọc không hoàn hảo, hoặc mật độ chăn nuôi koi quá lớn.

Để tránh tình trạng thiếu oxy máu, trên thực tế, chủ yếu là làm để dự phòng, bạn phải luôn luôn chú ý đến chất lượng nước, thiết lập và cải thiện hệ thống lọc, tăng tốc độ loại bỏ các khí độc hại, để tránh tích tụ, nuôi cá koi với mật độ phù hợp.

Nguyên nhận nội sinh do ký sinh trùng mang.

Cá koi nổi đầu do ký sinh trùng gây tổn thương mang cá làm suy giảm chức năng hô hấp.

Một số ký sinh trùng và vi khuẩn ký sinh ở mang gây tổn thương mang của cá làm ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng chức năng trao đổi khí bình thường như: Cryptobia, Bodo (filarial miệng), Chilodonella, Trichodina, Ichthyophthirius, … Những tác nhân này sẽ phá hủy các mang, gây thiệt hại các tế bào ở mang, do đó mang biến dạng và kích thích làm cho nó sản xuất nhiều chất nhầy, bao phủ bề mặt mang, ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng đến chức năng trao đổi khí bình thường, vì vậy gây thiếu oxy trong máu, dẫn đến hiện tượng ngoi đầu, nghiêm trọng sẽ bị chết ngạt.

Đối mặt với tình hình này, người nuôi koi phải biết cách phát hiện và điều trị sớm từ khi cá có biểu hiện ngoi lên thở ở bề mặt nước. Nếu bạn cảm thấy đã quá muộn, nó không có thể dẫn đến giải cứu.

Nguyên nhân ngộ độc thuốc trừ sâu, kim loại nặng từ khí bơm

Loại khí độc hại, kim loại nặng gây ra bởi bơm khí, thay đổi độ pH (ngộ độc acid-base), thay đổi nước khiến cá koi nổi đầu hàng loạt. Đối với nhiễm độc kim loại nặng, có thể sử dụng thuốc giải độc tiêm, thường là Dimercaprol!!! mặc dù sẽ khó khăn, nhưng nếu là loài cá hiếm hoặc để cố gắng điều trị bạn có thể sử dụng.

Người nuôi koi cần chú ý quan sát các biểu hiện của cá (kém năng động, bơi tách đàn, bơi lão đão), chú ý đến sự thay đổi các chỉ số (pH, oxi hòa tan, dH) của môi trường nước khi giao mùa, trong mùa nóng, mùa lạnh, mùa mưa,… Ngay từ khi cá koi bắt đầu xuất hiện hiện tượng nổi đầu, bạn không những phải nhanh chóng xử lý để đạt được hiệu quả điều trị, mà còn phải hiểu rõ các nguyên nhân khác nhau gây nổi đầu, và tìm ra cách điều trị đúng đắn tránh gây thiệt hại cho những chú cá koi thân yêu.

À quên còn một trường hợp đặc biệt ngược lại với 3 trường hợp trên nếu cá koi không ngoi đầu lên tức là nó có dấu hiệu bất thường. Đố các bạn biết là hiện gì ??????? Comment ngay bên dưới nhé, xem ai thông minh nhất.

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