Xử lý ao, hồ cá cảnh trang trí vào mùa xuân – Cách nào ngăn chặn tảo nở hoa?

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Khi mùa xuân gõ cửa, mặt trời đến gần trái đất hơn đem theo nắng ấm và sức sống mới cho hành tinh ngủ đông trong băng giá trước đó. Những vườn cây, những thảm hoa được cắt tỉa đẹp đẽ, bên hồ nhiều người đang cắm trại sung sướng tận hưởng ánh nắng mặt trời, uống bia và thỏa sức thư giãn. Bếp nướng ngoài trời, hương kem chống nắng quyện với không khí trong lành đầy sinh khí. Cuộc sống thật tuyệt vời!

Tuy nhiên, ở nhiệt độ cao hơn, lưu lượng hữu cơ và việc gia tăng sử dụng phân bón làm cho tảo trong ao phát triển nhanh hơn, ảnh hưởng đến các đặc tính hóa lý của nước và gây khó khăn cho những người chăm sóc ao.

Nước mưa mang theo chất thải động vật, phân bón, chất thải nông nghiệp và các chất thối rữa phân hủy chảy thẳng hoặc thẩm thấu vào trong ao. Các chất này tập chung lại thành nguồn dinh dưỡng thúc đẩy tảo phát triển: tảo dựa vào nguồn siêu thực phẩm này và quá trình quang hợp không dừng lại. Nhưng bỗng dưng nơi đây lại trở nên hoang tàn!

Vì khi “kết thúc đời sống thực vật”, tảo chìm xuống đáy ao hồ và làm nguồn bổ sung chất dinh dưỡng dự trữ cho sự phát triển thủy sản nuôi về sau. Quá trình này gọi là” tuần hoàn dinh dưỡng” – một quá trình cần thiết để duy trì cân bằng sinh thái. Tuy nhiên, khi lượng hữu cơ trong ao quá nhiều thì nó cũng giống mỗi bữa ăn bánh mì kẹp nhiều lớp với bịch khoai tây chiên cỡ bự và nhiều thứ nữa. Điều đó không có lợi và như thế các sự sống trong ao không chống đỡ nổi “tính háu đói” của các tế bào tảo. Bùn (bùn quánh hoặc cặn lắng ở đáy ao) tích tụ dày lên đến sáu inch (khoảng 15cm) mỗi năm và các loài vi khuẩn vốn có tự nhiên trong ao đơn giản không thể phân hủy và sử dụng hết tất cả lượng chất dinh dưỡng hay cặn lắng hữu cơ dư thừa này. Do đó, tảo “tranh thủ” làm việc này thay vi khuẩn.

Vậy tảo nở hoa sẽ gây nguy hại gì?

Tảo nở hoa gây ra các vấn đề như làm giảm đi chất lượng và các đặc tính của nước như mong muốn. Nếu động vật nuôi trong nông trại phụ thuộc vào nguồn nước trong ao hồ, có lẽ chúng thà chịu một “cơn khát tấn công” còn hơn là uống thứ nước súp xanh lè này. Sản lượng sữa và mức tăng trọng sẽ bị ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng khi động vật nuôi trên cạn không uống nước đủ. Ngoài ra, cá và các thủy sản nuôi khác bị ảnh hưởng bởi các yếu tố lý hóa của nước gây căng thẳng đến thể trọng và sự thèm ăn của chúng. Trong ngành nuôi trồng thủy sản, chỉ một loại tảo nở hoa có thể quét sạch toàn bộ vụ nuôi nếu không được kiểm soát kịp thời. Ở môi trường tự nhiên đặc thù hơn thì chắc chắn nước sẽ giảm chất lượng thẩm mỹ cho tới khi ao hồ không còn thích hợp để duy trì sự sống.

Làm cách nào để ngăn chặn tảo nở hoa?

“01 muỗng cà phê” phòng bệnh đáng giá hơn “hàng tấn” phương cách chữa bệnh khác. Ngăn chặn chất hữu cơ trước khi nó bị tích tụ lại thì dễ dàng hơn nhiều so với cố gắng để loại bỏ tảo sau khi chúng nở hoa. Một ao hồ đẹp đầy sinh khí cần duy trì bảo dưỡng thường xuyên để nó có sức sống thẩm mỹ lâu dài.

Để “ngăn chặn” tảo nở hoa, việc đẩu tiên là bạn phải ngăn chặn các chất dinh dưỡng và chất hữu cơ dư thừa tích tụ. Hãy bỏ đói tảo! Hãy đưa vào trong ao một hệ vi khuẩn sống và enzyme tiêu hóa với hàm lượng cao để kích hoạt quy trình xử lý tự nhiên giúp duy trì sự cân bằng thích hợp. Men vi sinh BZT® AQUA là một ví dụ, thúc đẩy nhanh quá trình rút bớt chất dinh dưỡng trong nước ao, làm cạn kiệt các chất dinh dưỡng cơ bản mà các tế bào tảo cần và duy trì các giá trị thẩm mỹ và giải trí.

Một điều quan trọng nữa là duy trì cân bằng pH thích hợp (trong khoảng 6,5 – 8,0). Bạn có thể mua bộ dụng cụ đơn giản kiểm tra pH ở các cửa hàng cá cảnh.

Sục khí (bổ sung thêm oxy hòa tan) cũng cần thiết ở mức trên 2 ppm để tối ưu hoạt động của các vi khuẩn BZT®. Có nhiều cách để làm: sục cơ, hoạt động của sóng và gió, bọt đá, quạt nước và thác nước.

Tốt nhất là nên phòng chống tảo nở hoa vì nó dễ dàng, ít tốn thời gian và tốn kém hơn so với chờ cho đến khi phát sinh vấn đề: ao nước xanh lè, hôi hám, mất thẩm mỹ, tình trạng xấu nhất là thủy sản nuôi chết vì môi trường quá ô nhiễm.

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